This paper will examine the policy actors and imperatives for regional innovation systems. The emphasis is on regional, rather than national systems, since regions have the competitive advantage in the global economic context of the borderless world (Acs 2002; Cooke et al, 2004; Ohmae, 1999; Sassen, 2006)....

Industry groups engage in venue shifting when they seek to overturn or alter restrictive regulations imposed by one political venue through another. A critical step in this process is resolving uncertainties surrounding the preference of the targeted venue and the nature of the relevant policy...