police militarization has on reducing violent crime. I show that previous estimates are likely to be contaminated by … the displacement of violent crime to neighboring areas. Police departments overmilitarize because they do not consider …Using new data at the police department level, I propose an identification strategy to estimate the causal effect that …

An influential literature has used the aftermath of terrorist attacks to estimate large effects of police street … deployment on crime. However, the elasticities obtained in these settings may not easily extrapolate to more standard … circumstances. This paper exploits a natural experiment that aimed to increase police presence in more than 6,000 well-defined areas …

. -- Crime ; homicide ; gun levels ; endogeneity …