prior estimates by including ripple effects beyond the wages earned or taxes paid directly by migrants. The sharp reduction …International migrants who seek protection also participate in the economy. Thus the policy of the United States to … to migrants seeking protection, beyond humanitarian policy concerns, carry substantial economic costs. …

randomized lottery. We evaluate the marginal impact of the quota on firms entering the 2021 H-2B visa lottery using a novel … pre-registered subsamples. The results imply very low substitutability of native for foreign labor in the policy …-relevant occupations. Forensic analysis suggests similarly low substitutability of black-market labor. …

over the last three decades in three domains of public policy domains: immigration, migrant education, and bilingual …

This paper studies the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production. We present four key findings …. First, among Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists, migrants to the U.S. play a central role in the global knowledge …-histories of International Math Olympiad (IMO) medalists, we show that migrants to the U.S. are up to six times more productive …