competition and intellectual-property laws. It also assumes that innovation is a major contribution to long-run welfare. The paper …This paper examines a number of government policies related to competition or intellectual property and affecting … innovation for their welfare effects. Its premise is that the enhancement of social welfare is included among the purposes of …

. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from … innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in …-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays …

specific therapy. This particular field brings along the gene related patent applications. In recent years, ethical sides …, policy considerations on patent applications in gene sequences, and gene related diagnostic and treatment methods led to many … debates among biotech/pharma companies, patent stakeholders, researchers, clinicians, and patients. Although the patent system …