The twentieth century was the managerial century in the United States. An organizational transformation, from entrepreneurial to managerial capitalism, brought forth what became a dominant narrative: that administrative coordination by trained professional managers is essential to the efficient...

Product- and Geographic Boundary Dynamics under Foreign Competition Pressure -- Vertical Boundary Dynamics under Foreign Competition Pressure -- Product-, Geographic-, and Vertical Boundary Dynamics, and their Inter-Relationships under Foreign Competition Pressure -- Conclusion and Implications...