German unifikation hit the West German economy in a prosperous and appeared as a huge demand shock at least for the … those resulting from the demand shock of German unification, to effect not only German trade flows, but also real variables … modelling approach and estimation results for the trade submodels are presented in some detail and simmulation results for the …

, we find that a GE model with heterogeneous establishments and a sunk cost of starting to export is consistent with both … aggregate U.S. export growth and the changes in the number and size of U.S. exporters. The model also captures the non …-linear dynamics of U.S. export growth. A model without a sunk export cost generates substantially less trade growth and misses out on …

the top 20 export products (defined by the 2-digit Harmonized System codes) from the United States to Brazil, Russia … model was first estimated using three estimation methods, namely, the Panel Least Squares, the Panel Fully Modified Least …