more passive shareholders (lower ownership per non-institutional shareholder) are less likely to be takeover targets, less … likely to be acquired and command higher premiums. Using the adoption of anti-takeover law in Delaware as an exogenous shock … to anti-takeover protection, we show that the passiveness of shareholder base decreases as the takeover threat subsides …

This paper empirically evaluates two possible sources of large takeover premiums: preemptive bidding and target … resistance. We develop an auction model that features costly sequential entry of bidders in takeover contests and that … in the period 1988-2006. We find that target resistance is the main determinant of takeover premiums in 74% of successful …

receiving a successful takeover bid is sharply higher when target CEOs are close to age 65. Takeover premiums and target …