We examine whether future shareholder activism is associated with current financial reporting quality. Activism refers to actions taken by shareholders to change firm policies and practices. If issues are present in an investee's financial reports, we expect shareholders to act to improve...

Equity analysts' earnings forecasts exclude dirty surplus income items, otherwise known as other comprehensive income (OCI). However, OCI affects firm value on a dollar-for-dollar basis and can enhance investors' understanding of the value and risk of firms' equity capital. Focusing on financial...