relied on Section 13(3) to authorize its controversial lending actions with respect to Bear Stearns, AIG, Citigroup and Bank … financial institutions and central banks through the creation of the Term Auction Facility and Central Bank Swap Facility …

whether the central bank chooses to buy domestic or foreign assets, thus resulting in transfers either within or between … compensates for losses (the structure of indemnification agreements). Data from the Federal Reserve, the Eurosystem, and the Bank … of England show that maximum annual losses are between 0.3 and 1.5 percent of GDP. By contrast, the Swiss National Bank …

The European Central Bank is unique in setting monetary policy for several sovereign states with heterogeneous debt … on one particular aspect of that nexus, the effect the reliability of the European Central Bank's monetary policy on … Euro Area countries. For comparison we also estimate the fiscal consequences of the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England …

To accompany the economic upturn in the U.S., the Federal Reserve Bank has been raising its benchmark interest rate …

The US Federal Reserve cut interest rates more vigorously in the recent recession than the European Central Bank did …