). Focus takes several different forms, ranging from standalone specialty centers to a hospital that places a strategic … clinical area in a hospital. We use secondary data from hospitals providing cardiology care in New York State to examine the … cases treated in a particular clinical specialty. Expertise focus is defined to be specific evidence that a hospital has …

-firms are incompletely understood. We exploit a historically large leveraged buyout of a national hospital chain to examine how … the full life cycle of PE influences hospital-level revenues, technology sourcing, labor use, and financial performance …. We find permanent improvements in hospital volumes and revenues. PE also reduces growth in full-time employees, with a …

In this paper, we examine the case of Vietnam as an example of this phenomenon. In Vietnam, the World Bank Indicators … microdata from Vietnam and the U.S. as well as an understanding of the economic systems in the two countries to understand the … differences in the self-employment rate of the Vietnamese in Vietnam versus Vietnamese immigrants in the U.S. and to give some …