The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current cartel fine levels of the European Union and the United … results show that on average these cartel overcharges are significantly larger than the criminal fines of either the European …

Justice has great latitude in recommending corporate cartel fines to the federal courts, and its recommendations are nearly … direct test of the optimal deterrence theory of antitrust crimes. Regressions are fitted to a sample of the corporations that …-deterrence model is quite good. We find that U.S. corporate cartel fines are strongly directly related to economic injuries from …

changing use of tools to assist with detection and punishment. We provide a comprehensive description of critical cartel … prosecutions data over a long time horizon, 1969–2016, this Article examines the attributes of cartel enforcement over time and the … descriptive analysis which tends to reveal three broad phases of U.S. cartel enforcement and prosecutions. The most recent data …

cartels. The number of cartel investigations has not risen appreciably. Moreover, the number of criminal Section 1 cases filed … annually fell. From 1995-99 to 2004-06 cartel cases filed fell by 49%. The number of corporations charged annually dropped … have grown. The total amount of cartel fines imposed is $4.2 billion. While an impressive amount, damages recouped by U …

(1978). This paper examines what Bork said and did not say about cartel enforcement and offers an examination of how actual … the structure of cartel enforcement played out relative to what Bork advocated. To provide some perspective on Bork’s view … of cartel enforcement, we compare his views to those of the other major influential antitrust book of the time by Posner …

cartel characteristics. International conspiracies, global cartels, and bid-rigging schemes are granted lower percentage than …