The aim of an enterprise is to increase its value. This growth can be achieved if initiated socially responsible activities improve the value drivers. The company's specificity, type of its environment and their mutual reactions create conditions conducive to improvement of the driving forces of...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of corporation social performance (CSP) on corporate financial performance (CFP). This study uses return on assets (ROA) to measure corporate financial performance. This study uses KLD index and TRI index to measure corporate social...

We provide the first, large sample evidence on firms’ voluntary, third-party verification of environmental and social metrics in ESG reports (“ESG assurance”) in the United States. Focusing on S&P 500 firms from 2010-2020, we document a striking increase in ESG assurance. Unlike financial...

Using natural language processing, we identify corporate goals stated in the shareholder letters of the 150 largest companies in the United States from 1955 to 2020. Corporate goals have proliferated, from less than one on average in 1955 to more than 7 in 2020. While in 1955, profit...

This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and different types of CEO turnover. Our findings based on a sample of over 2,500 publicly-traded US firms clarify how firms’ CSR engagement relates to CEO turnover by reason and source of new CEO. Firms with...

The focus of corporate governance on Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) issues has grown exponentially in recent years. The phenomenon has a global nature, and the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the demand for corporate leaders to take ESG seriously. In the United States,...

Institutional investors are less likely to support shareholder proposals involving environmental and social issues for firms headquartered in Republican-led states. The lower support concentrates in recent years, when politicians became more vocal about firms' social responsibility activities,...

According to different types of studies conducted in recent years, not natural but social factors will constitute a major barrier in the process of achieving sustainable development. The barrier will be quickly noticed in the countries and regions of low social capital. The purpose of this...