market index price, and the US oil and gas sub-sector indices. We also explore the out-of-sample hedging performance of a … hedging strategy by minimizing the conditional Value-at-Risk of the hedged portfolios composed with sub-sector index and … futures contract after estimating the time-varying parameters of copulas. We compare the hedging effectiveness of this …

diversification and risk management. The study calculates the effectiveness of hedging equities portfolios between markets, using the … US market does not provide a superior hedging ratio for Asia-Pacific nations. For other stock markets, India, Hong Kong …, and New Zealand have the best hedge ratios, portfolio weights, and hedging efficacy. Finally, this research raised the …

derivatives are used for hedging, we find most active equity derivative using funds buy index derivatives to amplify market …

-haven assets like gold can be used to hedge against ordinary risks, but tail dependence can substantially reduce the hedging … effectiveness. In contrast, green bonds focus on long-term, sustainable investments, so they become an important hedging tool … against climate risks, financial risks, as well as rare disasters like COVID. The copula approach based on the TGARCH model is …