due to the burning of bituminous coal for heat. We estimate the effects of this bituminous coal consumption on mortality … rates in the U.S. during the mid-20th century. Coal consumption varied considerably during the 20th century due to coal … of confounding factors, we use a triple-differences identification strategy that relies on variation in coal consumption …

Coal consumption and production have sharply declined in recent years in the U.S., despite political support. Reasons … are mostly unfavorable economic conditions for coal, including competition from natural gas and renewables in the power … sector, as well as an aging coal- fired power plant fleet. The U.S. Energy Information Administration as well as most models …