sentiment and consumption expenditures for the United States and the euro area. It shows under which circumstances confidence … transmission of shocks, as U.S. confidence indices lead consumer sentiment in the euro area. - Consumer Confidence ; Consumption …

sentiment and consumption expenditures for the United States and the euro area. It shows under which circumstances confidence … transmission of shocks, as U.S. confidence indices lead consumer sentiment in the euro area …

This paper studies the reaction of the mean and volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate to statements of ECB … officials during the first years of EMU. We focus on statements on monetary policy and the (potential) strength of the euro. We …. In some cases there are effects of statements on the level of the euro-dollar rate. Efforts to talk up the euro have not …