Researchers studying innovation increasingly use indicators based on patent citations. However, it is well known that not all citations originate from applicants - patent examiners contribute to citations listed in issued patents - and that this could complicate interpretation of findings in...

Firms have different motives for investing abroad, most notably to exercise existing capabilities, but also to build new capabilities by accessing knowledge located abroad. Recognizing this heterogeneity helps determine whether foreign investments transfer technology to their host industries....

This study assesses the importance of group membershipforimmigrant entrepreneurs in the lodging industry in Texas. It arguesthat such affiliation, and proximity, offers critical resources for strugglingmembers, thus improving chances of firmsurvival. Severalhypotheses—assuming that survival...

A key strategic choice for multinational firms is where to locate. When investing abroad, firms may find collocating with their own and competitors' prior investments beneficial. Such agglomeration may provide knowledge and infrastructure spillovers. Yet, as a firm invests sequentially, its past...

Recent research finds that firms investing abroad tend to agglomerate with other foreign entrants. Yet firms often invest multiple times within the same host country, which raises the question of whether firms agglomerate with their competitors' or their own prior investments. Collocation's...