detailed dataset that links confidential, shipment-level data on the price of virtually all of the fuel delivered to coal- and … price of coal drops by 12% at deregulated plants relative to matched plants that were not subject to any regulatory change …, whereas there was no relative drop in the price of gas. Deregulated plants disproportionately switch to burning low …

In this paper we investigate natural gas producer's reactions to changes in market prices. We estimate price …

both time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility, we decompose the real price of natural gas into supply shocks …

source of the price change. Specifically, I find that the reaction of drilling is significantly stronger after an economic … activity shock than after a gas demand shock (e.g. due to oil price fluctuations). In addition, it is shown that demand …

equilibrium price effects, we estimate efficiency gains from time-varying price schedules that better align price with cost. We …, real-time pricing with price ceilings can capture most potential efficiency gains while limiting customer risk …

their use. The argument has been used in support of increasing-block electricity pricing, under which the price per kilowatt …