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This paper uses a large language model to develop an ex-ante measure of the commercial potential of scientific findings. In addition to validating the measure against the typical holdout sample, we validate it externally against 1.) the progression of scientific findings through a major...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014512116
This policy paper on science-industry technology transfer has four emphases: the rationale of recent changes in German science policy, the contribution of diverse transfer channels to economic development as well as the role of IPR in that context, the differences in the institutional framework...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003723093
the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003934753
This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013334326
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forward citations patents can receive at the European Patent Office. While a patent can be cited as non-infringing state of … the art, it can also be cited because it threatens the novelty of patent applications ("blocking citations"). Empirical …. This finding adds to the patent value literature by showing that different types of patent citations carry different …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008937317
steadily declined, the market value of patents made a large and sustained gain in the new millennium. An additional patent per …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012850442