On February 5, 1917, the United States passed the Immigration Act of 1917, which included a test for all migrants … 'skill-based' immigration policy in an attempt to limit migration. We assess whether the Immigration Act had any measurable … impacts on immigration to the U.S. Using a differences-in-differences approach and digitized data from Ellis Island ship …

This paper shows how white migration out of the postbellum South diffused and entrenched Confederate culture across the … Confederates had larger effects in frontier communities lacking established culture and institutions. Over time, they continued to … interplay between culture and institutions in the nation-building process …