that only export abroad. Second, firms that engage in final goods off-shoring are more productive than firms that engage in … inputs off-shoring. Third, in terms of the productivity dynamics over the period 1998-2003, exporters' performance in Italy …

that only export abroad. Second, firms that engage in final goods off-shoring are more productive than firms that engage in … inputs off-shoring. Third, in terms of the productivity dynamics over the period 1998-2003, exporters' performance in Italy …

This paper explores the impact of offshoring, or contracting out of business activities to foreign providers, on firm … productivity, using Japanese firm-level data for the period 1994-2000. We find that offshoring has generally a positive effect on … productivity growth. This effect is robust to controlling for the possible endogeneity of offshoring with respect to unobserved …