The use of collective action clauses (CACs) in public bonds has received significant attention in academic and policy circles in recent years. While the existing literature suggests that market participants in sovereign and corporate bond markets often opt to include CACs when allowed under the...

Covenants are particular clauses in debt contracts of firms that restrict business policy, giving creditors the possibility of putting precise actions into force – normally early repayment – when the covenants are violated. The main purpose of covenants given in the literature is to resolve...

This paper shows that studies of announcement effects of bond rating changes should take into account the initial rating. First, we provide theoretical support for different price effects as a non-linear function of the initial credit rating, using a structural, Merton-type model linking the...

The article focuses on corporate social bonds, which are commonly defined as debt securities where proceeds are used to finance projects or ventures at favourable conditions, in order to achieve positive social outcomes or to address specific social issues.Social bonds belong to the family of...

The “no-action” clause, which provides that bondholders may not proceed against an issuer unless certain conditions are met, is included in almost all bond trust instruments. This article compares two approaches in interpreting this clause, the expansive approach and the restrictive...

For multiple decades, activists have sought to institute an international legal regime that limits the ability of despotic governments to borrow money and then shift those obligations onto more democratic successor governments. Our goal in this article is to raise the possibility of an alternate...

In corporate financing, a decision on whether to employ debt or equity in capitalising a corporate entity is a common challenge to financial managers. On what is preferable between equity and debt, studies have been varying. Some studies have shown a firm with high leverage tends to have an...

This article addresses the issue concerning the application of Regulation (EU) 1286/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 November 2014 “on key information documents for packaged retail and insurance based investment products (PRIIPs)” in relation to callable corporate...

Covenants are a type of contractual protection for creditors in debt financing. They are used in bond contracts to control the issuer's management activity and to attenuate conflicting goals existing between shareholders and bondholders. The article provides an overview of covenants and the way...

Unnoticed in the literature on sovereign bonds, an innovation has been taking place over the past decade and a half. Starting with a single issuance in 2006 by Mexico and two issuances by Brazil in 2007, a small number of issuers have been using what are known as "doomsday" or "make whole" call...