We adopt and develop an institutional perspective to advance our understanding of how host country environments influence subsidiary staffing strategies. We propose and find that firms rely more on parent company nationals (expatriates) in institutionally distant environments for reasons related...

We extend internalization theory by examining the contingencies associated with market internalization and its impact on foreign subsidiary survival. Based on a sample of 6170 subsidiary-year observations in 63 countries belonging to 292 MNCs from Korea during 1995 to 2013, we find that greater...