In response to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and stock exchange regulation, firms are forced to increase their board independence level if they did not satisfy the requirements. This article empirically examines the impact of increased board independence requirements on the governance inputs, board...

In 2002, President George W. Bush signed the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act” into federal law, which increased the oversight role for independent directors. The induced consequence was that firms which did not satisfy the requirements of the regulation must improve their board independence level. This...

Previous literature investigates links between corporate social responsibility (CSR), earnings management (EM), and firm performance (FP) but has looked at pair-wise relations (CSR-EM, CSR-FP, and EM-FP) for one-way effects without considering endogeneity among the variables. We examine these...

For an M&A context, this paper investigates stock payment acquirers' trade-off strategy between accruals-based earnings management (AM) and real earnings management (REM) and it impacts on firm's post-acquisition performance during the period before and the period after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act...

Using quasi-natural experiments, we study how directors’ relative power or influence modulates the effects of board gender diversity. At low levels of influence, female directors have no significant impact on firm risk-taking and financial performance. However, as their influence increases...

This paper investigates politically connected firms in Germany. With the introduction of a new transparency law in 2007, information on additional income sources for all members of the German parliament became publicly available. We find that members of the conservative party (CDU/CSU) and the...

Exploiting the 2009 amendments to Regulation S-K, we provide unique evidence on the first-time disclosure of the reasons firms state for combining (separating) the roles of CEO and chairman. The stated reasons support both agency theory and organization theory. They are more numerous and...