"essential service for survival" in this era of globalization. Automation of banking services such as internet banking, ATM … banking, telephone banking or mobile banking enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products … and services through a personal computer, mobile phones or other intelligent devices. The use of information technology in …

between robot imports and employment, exogenous changes in automation lead to job losses. We also find that robot imports … result suggests that productivity gains from automation may not be entirely passed on to consumers in the form of lower …