Economic theory, as well as commonly-stated views of practitioners, suggests that macroeconomic conditions can affect both the ability and manner in which firms raise external financing. Traditional theory focuses on the demand for capital and suggests that downturns are likely to be associated...

Do macroeconomic conditions affect firms' abilities to raise capital? If so, how do they affect the manner in which the capital is raised? We address these questions using a large sample of publicly-traded debt issues, seasoned equity offers, bank loans and private placements of equity and debt....

This paper aims to examine the evolution of currency risk exposure of Brazilian corporations, especially exporting companies, from the 2008 crisis, when several companies suffered substantial losses due to the decline of the real. We analyze their financial based on the usage of derivatives, as...

We examine the mechanism through which a financial crisis affects the default risk of real economy firms. We find that firms with strong dependence on bank financing suffer from higher increases in default risk than firms with no such dependence. Conversely, firms that rely solely on financing...

We exploit Statement of Cash Flows data from Compustat to decompose firms' cash stocks by source and show that the rise in cash holdings since the late 1980s was driven by externally generated cash until 2000, and by internally generated cash afterwards. Firms stockpiling externally generated...

We develop a model of bank lending that allows for credit rationing in equilibrium. Recognizing that small firms incur a higher percentage cost of monitoring than large firms, the model shows that the incidence of bank credit rationing rises more for small firms than for large firms during...

In deciding whether to roll over a loan, a relationship bank that has imperfect private information about its borrowers faces a trade-off. It wants to avoid rolling over a loan to a bad firm so as to safeguard its reputation as an effective monitor. However, refusing to roll over a loan to a...

The paper discusses the role the financial sector can play in supporting growth in Japan. While overall credit conditions have been accommodating, credit growth has remained weak, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Firm-level SME data and sectoral corporate balance sheets...

The financial crisis of 2008, and the associated bear market lasting from October 2007 to March 2009, has had a significant impact on a broad cross section of firms in the global economy. Of particular interest to us in this study is the effect of this time period on the financial...

Using unique detailed data, we describe the role of internal capital markets in Italian business groups before and after the financial crisis, an exogenous event which provides an ideal setting to assess whether the working of internal capital markets helps group-affiliated firms to mitigate...