The profit non-distribution constraint (NDC) is the basic requirement for non-profit tax privileges all over the world. In donative non-profits it is justified by the need to prevent donors' exploitation by firm owners. Donative non-profits, however, are not the only type of third-sector...

Investments in Ramp;D can influence a firm's ability to develop new products and to create and adopt innovative technologies that may enhance productivity. However, due to uncertainty regarding the outcome, investments in Ramp;D may lead to an agency problem between the owners and the managers...

So far, there has been no data set which observes firm formations in Germany not only on a cross-sectional basis using one-time surveys, but continuously over a number of years. Therefore, the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), KfW Bankengruppe and Creditreform set up a panel study of...

This paper uses entrepreneurs' survival expectations around the time of market entry and subsequent venture exits to study entrepreneurial optimism. Using data on a large number of nascent entrepreneurs in the US and start-ups in Finland, we find that new entrepreneurs survival beliefs are on...

The purpose of this paper was to continue the discussion on the representation of resources as a part of the business model concept. Recently, a business model concept has been proposed to support managing the exploitation of business opportunities. Such exploitation generates a need to select...

Objective - The vital role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on firm performance has been widely studied in developed countries. Most studies have found a positive linear relationship between EO and firm performance. However, the empirical findings are inconclusive. According to the recent...

Exploration-exploitation research to date has understudied the issue of multiple performance dimensions and their potential trade-offs, which leaves the application of its theory to the context of start-ups exposed to blind spots. The importance of acquisition likelihood as a performance outcome...

With an overall lack of gender and ethnic diversity in the innovation sector documented in Gompers and Wang (2017), we ask the natural next question: Does increased diversity lead to better firm performances? In this paper, we attempt to answer this question using a unique dataset of the gender...

Young firm diversification is examined investigating whether diversifying firms have higher survival chances. We use extensive longitudinal data containing information on firms’ characteristics and environmental conditions, and their evolution over time. Firms that are born diversified are...

Background: The analysis of entrepreneurial behaviour in incubated technology-based companies can help managers to understand their characteristics and how these aspects can be maximized to increase the performance of the companies. Objectives: This study proposes to measure the entrepreneurial...