University spin-out companies face major impediment ofaccess to venture capital. Using a finance pecking order perspective, thisstudy examines the problems that university spin-out (USO) companies face whenseeking venture capital. Focus is on USOs that are expected to have growthprospects but...

Various incubation strategies for spinning out companies used by European research institutes are examined.The paper focuses on two central issues: (1) a comparison of the goals and objectives of research institutions for creating new spinout ventures, and (2) the various incubation strategies...

Broad characteristics, behavior, and performancecontributions relating to experienced serial and portfolio entrepreneurs areanalyzed in comparison to novice entrepreneurs with no prior business ownershipexperience. Data consisted of 354 firms owned by novice (200 firms), serial (66firms), and...