Many cities organize annual local festivals for the positive effects on urban development, although success is far from straightforward. This article reviews a case study of the World Port Days in Rotterdam in order to demonstrate how annual city festivals can contribute to sustainable...

The theoretical development of place branding is in its early stages. The most important contributions so far have come from publications "translating" insights, methods and tools from corporate branding theory to places and cities in particular. Obviously, an academic field in its early stages...