This paper studies human-capital spillovers and its persistence by exploiting a unique event in modern Chinahe send-down movement. From 1962 to 1979, the Chinese central government mandated the temporary resettlement of roughly 18 million urban youths to rural areas across the country. The...

This paper analyses the situation with respect to Social Insurance and Social Assistance of the Brazilian population disaggregated by urban/rural condition, during the nineties. We compare, by sex and individual age, activity rates and probability of receiving benefits in the period. For the...

This paper analyses the situation of the Brazilian population disaggregated by urban/rural condition with respect to Social Insurance and Social Assistance with emphasis on recent changes. It starts with a historical overview of the system, but concentrates on new provisions mandated by the 1988...