controlling for other factors, suggesting that there may be an "urbanization effect" that is dampening credit access and usage …

poverty in Albania. Strong economic growth and large inflow of remittances are at the center of this impressive achievement … only a modest impact on poverty reduction. As a result of these developments, the poor are mostly rural residents, low …

This note analyzes whether and how the country's rising urbanization levels (measured primarily by population density …) are associated with nonfarm job creation and poverty reduction. By focusing on Rwanda's 416 geographic sectors for the … sector level was associated with a 1.2 percent lower multidimensional poverty index and 1.4 point higher share of nonfarm …

Urbanization is the single most important transformation that the African continent will undergo this century. More … than half of Africa's population will live in its cities by 2040. In the face of rapid urbanization, there is a narrow … to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction. Despite its rapid urban growth, Africa is less than halfway …