Reconstruction should include a range of measures to enhance safety: disaster prevention facilities, relocation of communities to higher ground, and evacuation facilities. A community should not, however, rely too heavily on any one of these as being sufficient, because the next tsunami could be...

Land is a scarce resource; hence, efficient land management techniques are critical for its procurement and development. The land readjustment (LR) mechanism is one such land assembly tool, which many countries, including Japan, have adopted, and is known as the Town Planning Scheme (TP Scheme) in...

Uncontrolled and sprawling growth in physical space is one of the primary problems of metropolitan cities. Urban sprawl, which can be defined as the rapid peripheral growth of cities, is criticized in terms of leading problems such as occupying cultivated areas and environment, removing away...