Hungarian data. I compare two identification approaches. One of them involves the ‘sign restrictions on impulse responses … history. My argument is that in certain cases, especially in the case of the Hungarian economy, the latter identification … identification approaches produced very similar results, imposing restrictions on history may help to dampen counterintuitive …

The identification of a VAR requires differentiating between correlation and causation. This paper presents a method to …

observational equivalence, partial and weak identification problems are widespread, that they lead to biased estimates, unreliable t … identification and study how small samples interact with parameters and shock identification. We provide diagnostics and tests to … detect identification failures and apply them to a state-of-the-art model. …

, with both real and nominal frictions, and with sufficiently wide ranges for their parameterers. This identification …

sufficient conditions for identification of the structural shocks and the associated impulse response functions. In particular …

-form model, all identification approaches used in the literature yield qualitatively and quantitatively very similar results as … estimated or calibrated for alternative identification approaches. These differences also translate into uncertainty about the …

first is whether such equations are identified. To check identification requires specifying the process for the forcing … is estimated by GMM, relying on statistical criteria to choose instruments. This may result in failure of identification …