We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate … subsidies on export activities we find no impact of subsidies on the probability to start exporting, and only weak evidence for … an impact of subsidies on the share of exports in total sales in West Germany but no evidence in East Germany. …

We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate … subsidies on export activities we find no impact of subsidies on the probability to start exporting, and only weak evidence for … an impact of subsidies on the share of exports in total sales in West Germany but no evidence in East Germany. …

We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate … subsidies on export activities we find no impact of subsidies on the probability to start exporting, and only weak evidence for … an impact of subsidies on the share of exports in total sales in West Germany but no evidence in East Germany. …

This study uses newly available enterprise level data for firms from manufacturing industries in Germany to test for … hypothesis that credit constrained firms are less likely to start to export is at best weak, we find no evidence for a … statistically significant difference in credit rating scores between firms that stopped to export and firms that continued to export. …

goods traded and various numbers of countries traded with from Germany, one of the leading actors on the world market for …