bargaining, minimum wages, employment protection and unemployment benefits affect the way in which wages respond to labor supply … decline with the unemployment rate, albeit imperfectly. We find that wage flexibility is substantially higher in the UK … compared to Germany and, in particular, Denmark. As a consequence, immigration has a much larger effect on the unemployment …

supply-variables affect unemployment in the long-run. Further we also investigate the impact of different supply and demand …-shock on long-term unemployment. Our findings suggest that there is hysteresis in both countries, and that it happens through … different channels, namely, long-term unemployment, productivity, capital stock and real long-term interest rates. These results …

mainly on dismissals protection, distinguishing between the themes of employment and unemployment development and labor … market dynamics proper. Our discussion of employment and unemployment largely deals with the effect of employment protection …

performance indicators (unemployment, long-term unemployment, employment, activity rate). Our results confirm that high taxes … increase unemployment, while active labour market policies tend to reduce it. We also show that stricter employment protection … market ; unemployment ; European Union ; labour market institutions …