In reaction to the monetary turmoil created by the financial crisis of September 2008, both legislative and constitutional reforms have been proposed in different Countries to introduce Commodity Money alongside existing National Fiat Currency. A thorough evaluation of the Economic consequences...

This paper is about the cycle of money comparing the case the cycle of money in the case that there exist all the magnitudes of cycle of money and the case that there are avoided the escaping savings, and the case that are avoided the enforcement savings. The same comparisons are made for the...

Purpose The article examines Sheikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabauwi's initial concept of paper money, which in the early 20th century wrote Risala Raf'u Al-Iltibas. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a qualitative approach based on the critical extraction analysis that can reveal a set of...