In Europe, high and persistent unemployment is usually attributed entirely to "labor market rigidity". The only remedy seriously discussed is deregulation of the labor market. This essay argues that there are two further sources of high unemployment in Europe: over-regulation and weakness of...

Germany and the United States pursued different economic strategies to minimise the impact of the Coronavirus Crisis on the labour market. Germany focused on safeguarding existing jobs through the use of internal flexibility measures, especially short-time work (STW). The United States relied on...

Today FDR's New Deal is regarded as the democratic ideal, the positive American response to the economic crisis that propelled Germany and Italy toward Fascism. Yet in the 1930s, these regimes were hardly considered antithetical. Cultural historian Schivelbusch investigates their shared elements...