predicted effects of overconfidence. These studies assume, however, that a specific type of overconfidence, i.e., miscalibration …-established miscalibration bias. We find no gender differences in overconfidence for our measures except for one, where women are more … overconfidence and linked to the judgment literature in psychology. Empirical tests of the models often fail to find evidence for the …

salient perturbations, we propose a strategic foundation of overconfidence. Since overconfident statements are used in …

observe that underconfidence beats overconfidence in both respects. Underconfident subjects are rewarded significantly more …