We measure pre- and post-tax income inequality in Moscow Province in 1811. We collect new data on incomes for 7 … serfdom resulted in high inequality and extraction levels as well as low social mobility in spite of low levels of enforcement … by the state. We compare our results with those for 1904 and find that, in spite despite emancipation, inequality …

greater wealth inequality. …When other economic measurements are scarce or unreliable, height and the body mass index (BMI) are now well accepted … measures for cumulative and current net nutrition. However, as the ratio of weight to height, BMI is the ratio of current to …

outcomes. This paper studies the effects of slavery on black-white wealth inequality upon the emancipation of slaves in the US …One approach to analyzing inequality is to compare average economic choices from a classical theoretical framework … using historical data.The purpose of wealth has varied from over time. From an economics perspective, wealth is the …

affected them. I find that: (1) productive individuals are the most likely to exit, and a kibbutz's wealth serves as a lock …-in device that increases the value of staying; (2) higher wealth reduces exit and supports a high degree of income equality; (3 …

The present paper discusses Norway's way to prosperity during the two last centuries. The main reason for its wealth … reveal that Norway's wealth was close to the western European average in the early nineteenth century. From the 1840s to the … model. This has contributed to a large public sector and evenly distributed wealth and resources. The discovery of oil and …

Sharp declines in wealth-concentration occurred across Europe and the US during the 20th century. But this stylized … fact is based on declared wealth. It is possible that today the richest are not less rich but rather that they are hiding … much of their wealth. This paper proposes a method to measure this hidden wealth, in any form. In England, 1920 …

datasets, I assessed the gender gap in wealth and income, which averaged around 25% across provinces. This indicates that the …

How do sudden, large wealth losses affect mental health? Most prior studies of the causal effects of material well … market accumulations may not inform this question if the effect of wealth on health is asymmetric. We use exogenous variation … in the interview dates of the 2008 Health and Retirement Study to assess the impact of large wealth losses on mental …

olds, we estimate similar health gradients in income and wealth in both countries, but for 70-80 year old, we find no … evidence using a long panel of American respondents that their subsequent mortality is not related to large changes in wealth …