first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

Using existing research and original data, I discuss the development of a transatlantic drug market between Brazil and … West Africa and its implications on Brazil’s development and drug trafficking value chain. After establishing milestones of … drug traffickers, namely their strategies and use of violence by analyzing the development of maritime trade and the …

Illicit economies are an issue of paramount importance and an opportunity for social mobility for millions in Brazil … cycle of violence and reproduction of inequalities on a social level, as well as given rise to criminal populism in the …

Illegality in the Economy (Beckert and Dewey, 2017) and Illegal Markets, Violence, and Inequality: Evidence from a Brazilian …