For the purposes of enhancing the heat-transfer utility of the heat pipe in a solar collector, the present work attempted to improve nanoparticle dispersion stability by means of a chemical reformation process wherein nanofluid is formulated with hydroxyl radicals combined with oxidized...

The purpose of this review summarizes the important published articles on the enhancement of the convection heat transfer in heat exchangers using nanofluids on two topics. The first section focuses on presenting the theoretical and experimental results for the effective thermal conductivity,...

By using entropy and entropy production, we calculate the steady flux of some phenomena. The method we use is a competition method, SS/τ+σ=maximum, where SS is system entropy, σ is entropy production and τ is microscopic interaction time. System entropy is calculated from the equilibrium...