-- Training programs may not benefit U.S. workers / John B. Judis -- Government intervention causes unemployment / Lowell Gallaway … wage does not reduce employment / Alan B. Krueger -- The influence of labor unions is declining / Richard Edwards -- The … influence of labor unions may be increasing / John B. Judis -- Unions are still necessary / Kevin Clarke -- Unions are outdated …

in its labor market. Institutions that typically characterize rigid labor markets are effectively balanced by flexibility … instruments. Important developments since 2000 include steadily decreasing unemployment rates (since 2005), increasing … participation rates, and (since 2011) moderately increasing labor compensation. The German labor market has also been remarkably …