Previous studies find as the VIX goes up, the return and the Sharpe ratio on liquidity provision increase. We argue … for providing liquidity, (2) when assets are volatile, liquidity shocks create stronger trading demands and thus liquidity … demanders pay a higher premium, and (3) when assets are highly correlated, the higher risk of spillover of liquidity shocks …

liquidity provision and the negative relation between market volatility and stock returns arises not only from greater risk … stock's return is more sensitive to unexpected changes in market volatility when its liquidity disappears more in response … to volatility shocks, which indicates that liquidity providers play an important role in determining the effect of market …