recession. Macroeconomic variability is represented by fluctuations in interest rates, consumer price index, and Money supply (M … the long run and before the international economic crunch, the money supply and interest rates have an inverse … a longer horizon, stock indexes have been impacted positively by money supply, and IR has formulated an inverse …

in the past, which can contribute to price surges on international markets. Secondly, a functioning futures market … reflecting Black Sea wheat does not yet exist. Grain traders therefore use established futures markets for price discovery and to … hedge price risk in the Black Sea region, which can involve basis risk. Thirdly, previous research has suggested that …