This paper innovatively establishes the interrelationship between type I agency costs (conflicts between managers and … shareholders) and type II agency costs (conflicts between controlling and minority shareholders). We further analyze the impact of … between the two types of agency costs. Moreover, the negative interactions are moderated by the closeness of senior managers …

Using firm and industry data, we establish two facts: (i) Uncertainty about demand conditions not only reduces export … of export shares from the most to the least productive incumbents. Greater skewness of the demand distribution and …

domestic and export sales. In prior models of trade, supply costs for domestic and exports were linear and thus additively … separable. We introduce a nonlinear cost function in order to link the domestic and export supply costs . This theoretical … contribution has two new implications for the exporting firm. First, the demand volatility in the foreign market now directly …