In multi-party systems, parties often form alliances before elections. What brings competing parties to coalesce into new entities? I present a model of electoral competition in which parties can form pre-electoral alliances and decide how binding these should be. Parties face a dynamic...

This paper analyzes the impact of container shipping alliances on the market stability of prices and volumes in the event of an unexpected shock. Given two complementary or substitutable ports in which oligopolistic liners are operating, an alliance between complementary liners, referred to as...