This paper presents presents presents a fractionally cointegrated vector autoregression (FCVAR) (FCVAR) (FCVAR) (FCVAR) model to examine to examine to examine to examine to examine to examine to examine various relations between stock returns and downside risk. Evidence from major advanced...

The purpose of this study is to identify the behavior of returns and volatility with the attributes of non-linearities and asymmetric patterns in the returns series of KSE and modeling of volatility for asset pricing with macroeconomic, value at risk and semi-variance in GARCH specification....

Complex models have received significant interest in recent years and are being increasingly used to explain the stochastic phenomenon with upward and downward fluctuation such as the stock market. Different from existing semi-variance methods in traditional integer dimension construction for...