Leveraged and inverse ETFs (LETFs) were introduced in 2006 and their popularity surged starting in 2008. As of the first quarter of 2012 there were over 200 such ETFs with over $30 billion in assets under management (AUM). By late 2008 there was concern about their late-day impact on stock...

In this paper we investigate the commonly used auto-regressive filter method of adjusting appraisal-based real estate returns to correct for the perceived biases induced in the appraisal process. Many papers have been written on appraisal smoothing but remarkably few have considered the...