The severity and occurrence of rare events in financial markets has had a fundamental impact on the pricing and risk management of financial derivatives, such as volatility smile curves. However rare event modelling poses a problem in efficient and accurate simulation due to fundamental issues...

We study the effect of an asset's volatility on the expected returns of European options written on the asset. A simple stochastic discount factor model suggests that the effect differs depending on whether variations in volatility are due to variations in systematic or idiosyncratic volatility....

This paper examines the effect of CEO risk appetite on the return volatility of a sample of large, listed financial firms over the period 2000-2008. After controlling for firm specific characteristics, the results give strong evidence that the CEO risk appetite has an important effect on firm...