Governments implement policies to stabilize stock markets in times of financial crisis. The most common intervention is to forbid short sales. For instance, around the financial crisis of 2008, eleven governments announced restrictions on naked short sales in their stock markets. In light of the...

This paper is related to the work of Patton (2011), who proposed the required robust loss functions MSE and QLIKE for imperfect fluctuations in the proxy variables, as well as the use of GW and MCS test for statistical analysis. In the same volatility model, the use the GW test pairing for...