in which traders operate.Binding tariffs at the WTO reduces the scope for their discretionary use. But, countries have … bound tariffs at ceiling levels often substantially above the level of applied tariffs. Therefore, whether the ceiling rate …. Using a recently built database on applied tariffs covering over 100 countries for the period 1996 to 2009, we find evidence …

currency depreciation. For this purpose, we consider the history of US military deployment on a small southern island in Japan … Okinawa and mainland Japan before and after the Okinawan reversion to Japanese sovereignty in May of 1972. By considering the …